The Bergmann’s Rule states that animals in cold regions are often larger than their relatives in warmer areas. Larger animals can retain heat more effectively because they have a smaller surface area relative to their volume through which heat can be lost. This helps them stay warm in cold climates.
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Beringia is the name for a land bridge that connected the present-day regions of Alaska and Siberia during the ice ages. Due to the lower sea level, this landmass was exposed and allowed the migration of animals and early humans between Asia and North America. Beringia also included adjacent parts
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Island dwarfism is a phenomenon in evolutionary biology where the body size of animal species living on an island without predators or human intervention decreases significantly over time. The opposite phenomenon is island gigantism.
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Island tameness is a phenomenon where animals on isolated islands lose their fear of humans due to the absence of natural predators. This lack of wariness makes them particularly vulnerable to dangers from human activities and introduced predators, which can threaten their survival. This phenomenon is often observed in island
Continue readingMeiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration was a significant political, social, and economic upheaval in Japan that began in 1868 and profoundly transformed the country. This period is often seen as the beginning of Japan’s modernization.
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Molting: Since feathers wear out over time, they need to be replaced at regular intervals. This occurs through the shedding of feathers, allowing new ones to grow in their place.
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In biology, monotypic means that within a group, family, genus, or subgenus, only one type occurs. For example, a species is considered monotypic if it is the only one in its genus. If the species were to become extinct, the entire genus would also become extinct.
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A natural reservoir is a place or organism in which a pathogen lives permanently and reproduces without causing significant symptoms of disease. From there, the pathogen can be transmitted to other organisms. Pathogen reservoirs can be animals, humans, or even the environment (such as water or soil). They are important
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The term “paleolithic” refers to the Paleolithic era, the earliest period of human history, during which people primarily used simple stone tools. The Paleolithic period began around 2.5 million years ago and ended approximately 10,000 years ago. People of this era lived as hunter-gatherers and developed basic technologies and cultural
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The Pleistocene is a geological epoch that began around 2.6 million years ago and ended approximately 11,700 years ago with the start of the Holocene (the current epoch).
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