An article published in September 2024 in the Journal of Wildlife Research reports the discovery of the largest known population of the night parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis) in the eastern Pilbara region of Western Australia. A team of Indigenous rangers and scientists tracked down a colony of about 50 birds – doubling the globally known population of this extremely rare species and offering renewed hope for its survival.
Using cutting-edge technologies like acoustic recorders (called songmeters) and camera traps, the researchers were able to record the characteristic calls of the birds, also known as night parrots, at 17 of the 31 monitored sites. This successful combination of traditional Indigenous knowledge and modern science was key to locating and understanding the elusive, nocturnal birds.
One of Australia’s most mysterious bird species

The night parrot, sometimes referred to as the “Tasmanian tiger of the bird world,” is one of Australia’s rarest and most enigmatic birds. Before the recent discovery in Western Australia, fewer than 20 individuals were known in Queensland, making this new population the largest worldwide.
Fewer than 50 confirmed sightings of this species exist, with most recorded before 1880. After decades without a trace, a roadkill specimen was found in 1990, but for a long time, the night parrot was only known from 22 museum specimens, most of which date back to the 19th century. It wasn’t until 2013 that Australian wildlife filmmaker John Young captured the first photos and videos of a living specimen in Queensland, but sightings have remained scarce since.
The extreme rarity and the bird’s inaccessible habitat in Australia’s dry, arid regions have given the night parrot an almost mythical status. It may live nomadically, moving to different areas during drought periods. As a nocturnal bird, it ventures out for food only after sunset, while spending the day silently hidden in spinifex grass. Its well-camouflaged feathers and adaptation to the desert climate help it remain virtually invisible.
Interestingly, the night parrot is better at running than flying. During the day, it only flies when absolutely necessary, moving slowly and close to the ground. However, at night, it can glide longer distances to reach its nocturnal destinations.
Indigenous knowledge as the key to saving the night parrot
The Indigenous Ngururrpa rangers played a crucial role in the recent discovery of night parrots in Western Australia. By using traditional land management practices, such as controlled burns to prevent wildfires, they created ideal conditions for this endangered bird species. These controlled fires protect the fragile spinifex grasslands, which are vital nesting habitats for the birds. Additionally, the rangers monitor predator populations, including feral cats, which pose a significant threat to young birds.
The discovery of the colony impressively demonstrates how essential collaboration between Indigenous communities and scientists is for protecting endangered species. With their deep-rooted knowledge of the land and its ecosystems, the Ngururrpa rangers have significantly contributed to safeguarding these rare birds and ensuring their survival.
Challenges facing the night parrot
Despite these promising developments, the night parrot remains critically endangered. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimates that fewer than 250 mature individuals exist, with no more than 50 birds in each subpopulation. Additionally, current data indicates a continuing decline in the species.
The greatest threats to the parrot include feral cats and foxes, which decimate the already small population. Grazing animals such as sheep, cattle, and rabbits exacerbate the situation by destroying habitats, causing erosion, and competing for food. Dingoes play a positive role in this context, as they hunt feral cats, indirectly protecting the night parrot.
Uncontrolled fires also threaten the spinifex grasslands crucial for the night parrot’s survival. Diseases like Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) further pose a risk. Climate change worsens the situation by extending drought periods, making the birds increasingly reliant on water sources, which also attract predators. Additionally, human activities such as illegal poaching and mining pose further threats to the species’ future.
Looking ahead: What’s next?
To ensure the long-term protection of the night parrot, Indigenous rangers and scientists are working to better understand the bird’s behavior and way of life. Capturing and tagging individual birds will enable tracking of their movements and the identification of critical resources such as water sources and nesting sites. With this information, targeted conservation measures can be developed to more effectively protect the birds’ habitat.
Despite the small population, this discovery brings hope: the night parrot could survive if the right measures are implemented. Continued close collaboration between scientists and Indigenous communities remains key to preserving this rare species.
Support this blog! If you enjoyed this post, please consider making a small donation. Every contribution, no matter how small, makes a difference. Your donation helps me keep the blog ad-free and without paywalls, ensuring that all readers have free access to the content. You can easily donate through the donate button. Every amount counts and is greatly appreciated! Thank you for your support!